Engaging Undergraduates in Science Research: Not Just About Faculty Willingness
Eagan Jr. M.K.; Sharkness J.; Hurtado S.; Mosqueda C.M.; Chang M.J.
2011
Research in Higher Education
76
10.1007/s11162-010-9189-9
Despite the many benefits of involving undergraduates in research and the growing number of undergraduate research programs, few scholars have investigated the factors that affect faculty members' decisions to involve undergraduates in their research projects. We investigated the individual factors and institutional contexts that predict faculty members' likelihood of engaging undergraduates in their research project(s). Using data from the Higher Education Research Institute's 2007-2008 Faculty Survey, we employ hierarchical generalized linear modeling to analyze data from 4,832 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty across 194 institutions to examine how organizational citizenship behavior theory and social exchange theory relate to mentoring students in research. Key findings show that faculty who work in the life sciences and those who receive government funding for their research are more likely to involve undergraduates in their research project(s). In addition, faculty at liberal arts or historically Black colleges are significantly more likely to involve undergraduate students in research. Implications for advancing undergraduate research opportunities are discussed. © 2010 The Author(s).
Hierarchical generalized linear modeling; Mentorship; Organizational climate; STEM faculty; Undergraduate research experience
Aguirre Jr. A., Women and minority faculty in the academic workplace: Recruitment, retention, and academic culture, (2000); Allen W.R., The color of success: African-American college student outcomes at predominantly White and historically Black public colleges and universities, Harvard Educational Review, 62, 1, pp. 26-44, (1992); Antonio A.L., Faculty of color reconsidered: Reassessing contributions to scholarship, The Journal of Higher Education, 73, 5, pp. 582-602, (2002); Bellas M., Toutkoushian R., Faculty time allocations and research productivity: Gender, race and family effects, The Review of Higher Education, 22, 4, pp. 367-390, (1999); Blackburn R.T., Lawrence J.H., Faculty at Work: Motivation, Expectation, Satisfaction, (1995); Bland C.J., Center B.A., Finstad D.A., Risbey K.R., Staples J.G., A theoretical, practical, predictive model of faculty and department research productivity, Academic Medicine, 80, 2, pp. 225-237, (2005); Campbell T.A., Campbell D.E., Faculty/student mentor program: Effects on academic performance and retention, Research in Higher Education, 38, 6, pp. 727-742, (1997); Cole D., Espinoza A., Examining the academic success of Latino students in science technology engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors, Journal of College Student Development, 49, 4, pp. 285-300, (2008); Rising above the gathering storm: Energizing and employing America for a brighter economic future, (2007); Crisp G., Cruz I., Mentoring college students: A critical review of the literature between 1990 and 2007, Research in Higher Education, 50, 6, pp. 525-545, (2009); Davis D., Poste J., Kelly D., The UCSD research associate program: A recipe for successfully integrating undergraduates with emergency medicine research, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 28, 1, pp. 89-93, (2005); Deangelo L., Hurtado S.H., Pryor J.H., Kelly K.R., Santos J.L., Korn W.S., The American College Teacher: National Norms for the 2007-2008 HERI Faculty Survey, (2009); Doherty J., Psychological morale: Its conceptualisation and measurement. The Doherty Inventory of Psychological Morale (DIPM), Educational Studies, 14, 1, pp. 65-74, (1988); Einarson M., Clarkberg M., Understanding Faculty out-of-Class Interaction with Undergraduate Students at a Research University, (2004); Emerson R.M., Social exchange theory, Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives, pp. 30-65, (1981); Espinosa L., Pipelines and pathways: Women of color in STEM majors and the experiences that shape their persistence, (2009); Fairweather J.S., Faculty reward structures: Toward institutional and professional homogenization, Research in Higher Education, 34, 5, pp. 603-623, (1993); Fairweather J.S., The NEA 1997 Almanac of Higher Education, (1997); Fairweather J.S., The mythologies of faculty productivity: Implications for institutional policy and decision making, The Journal of Higher Education, 73, 1, pp. 26-48, (2002); Fairweather J.S., Beyond the rhetoric: Trends in the relative value of teaching and research in faculty salaries, The Journal of Higher Education, 76, 4, pp. 401-422, (2005); Fairweather J.S., Beach A., Variations in faculty work at research universities: implications for state and institutional policy, The Review of Higher Education, 26, 1, pp. 97-115, (2002); Gibb S., The usefulness of theory: A case study in evaluating formal mentoring schemes, Human Relations, 52, 8, pp. 1055-1075, (1999); Griffin K.A., Can reaching back push you forward?, A mixed methods exploration of Black faculty and the developmental relationships with students, (2008); Harvey L., Thompson K., Approaches to undergraduate research and their practical impact on faculty productivity in the natural sciences, Journal of College Science Teaching, pp. 12-13, (2009); Hegstad C.D., Formal mentoring as a strategy for human resource development: A review of research, Human Research Development Quarterly, 10, A, pp. 383-390, (1999); Herzberg F., Work and the Nature of Man, (1966); Degrees of success: Bachelor's degree completion rates among initial STEM majors, (2010); Huang G., Taddese N., Walter E., Entry and persistence of women and minorities in college science and engineering education (No. NCES 2000601), (2000); Hunter A.B., Laursen S.L., Seymour E., Becoming a scientist: The role of undergraduate research in students' cognitive, personal, and professional development, Science Education, 91, 1, pp. 36-74, (2006); Hurtado S., Institutional diversity in American higher education, Student services: A handbook for the profession, pp. 23-44, (2003); Hurtado S., Cabrera N.L., Lin M.H., Arellano L., Espinosa L.L., Diversifying science: Underrepresented student experiences in structured research programs, Research in Higher Education, 50, 2, pp. 189-214, (2009); Hurtado S., Eagan M.K., Cabrera N., Lin M., Park J., Lopez M., Training future scientists: Factors predicting underrepresented minority student participation in undergraduate research, Research in Higher Education, 49, 2, pp. 126-152, (2008); Ishiyama E., Expectations and perceptions of undergraduate research mentoring: Comparing first generation, low-income white/Caucasian and African American students, College Student Journal, 41, 3, pp. 540-549, (2007); Jacobi M., Mentoring and undergraduate academic success: A literature review, Review of Educational Research, 61, 4, pp. 505-532, (1991); Jacobs J., Winslow S., The academic life course, time pressures and gender inequality, Community, Work & Family, 7, 2, pp. 143-161, (2004); Johnson W.B., The intentional mentor: Strategies and guidelines for the practice of mentoring, Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 33, 1, pp. 88-96, (2002); Johnson W.B., On Being a Mentor: A Guide for Higher Education Faculty, (2007); Johnsrud L.K., Rosser V.R., Faculty members' morale and their intention to leave: A multilevel explanation, The Journal of Higher Education, 73, 4, pp. 518-542, (2002); Judge T.A., Bono J.E., Thoresen C.J., Patton G.K., The job satisfaction-Job performance relationships: A qualitative and quantitative review, Psychological Bulletin, 127, 3, pp. 376-407, (2001); Kardash C.M., Evaluation of an undergraduate research experience: Perceptions of undergraduate interns and their faculty mentors, Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 1, pp. 191-201, (2000); Laursen S., Seymour E., Hunter A.B., Thiry H., Melton G., Undergraduate Research in the Sciences: Engaging Students in Real Science, (2010); Lawler E.J., Thye S.R., Bringing emotions into social exchange theory, Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 1, pp. 217-244, (1999); Lee W.Y., Striving toward effective retention: The effect of race on mentoring African American students, Peabody Journal of Education, 74, 2, pp. 27-43, (1999); Link A., Swann C., Bozeman B., A time allocation study of university faculty, Economics of Education Review, 27, 4, pp. 363-374, (2008); Mamiseishvili K., Rosser V.J., International and citizen faculty in the United States: An examination of their productivity at research universities, Research in Higher Education, 51, 1, pp. 88-107, (2010); McLachlan G.J., Krishnan T., The EM Algorithm and Extensions, (1997); McManus S.E., Russell J.E.A., New directions for mentoring research: An examination of related constructs, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 1, pp. 145-161, (1997); Merkel C.A., Undergraduate research at six research universities: A pilot study for the Association of American Universities, California Institute of Technology, (2001); Milem J.F., Berger J.B., Dey E.L., Faculty time allocation: A study of change over twenty years, The Journal of Higher Education, 71, 4, pp. 454-475, (2000); Nelson Laird T.F., Bridges B.K., Morelon-Quainoo C.L., Williams J.M., Holmes M.S., African American and Hispanic student engagement at minority serving and predominantly White institutions, Journal of College Student Development, 48, 1, pp. 39-56, (2007); Newby T.J., Heide A., The value of mentoring, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 5, 4, pp. 2-15, (2008); O'Meara K.A., Braskamp L., Aligning faculty reward systems and development to promote faculty and student growth, NASPA Journal, 42, 2, pp. 223-240, (2005); Olsen D., Maple S.A., Stage F.K., Women and minority faculty job satisfaction: Professional role interests, professional satisfactions, and institutional fit, The Journal of Higher Education, 66, 3, pp. 267-293, (1995); Organ D.W., Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, (1988); Organ D.W., Ryan K., A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior, Personnel Psychology, 48, 4, pp. 775-802, (1995); Park S.M., Research, teaching, and service: Why shouldn't women's work count?, Journal of Higher Education, 67, 1, pp. 46-84, (1996); Petersen T., A comment on presenting results from logit and probit models, American Sociological Review, 50, 1, pp. 130-131, (1985); Porter S.R., Umbach P.D., Analyzing faculty workload data using multilevel modeling, Research in Higher Education, 42, 2, pp. 171-196, (2001); Prince M., Felder R., Brent R., Does faculty research improve undergraduate teaching? An analysis of existing and potential synergies, Journal of Engineering Education, 96, 4, pp. 283-294, (2007); Raudenbush S.W., Bryk A.S., Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods, (2002); Rice R., The academic profession in transition: Toward a new social fiction, Teaching Sociology, 14, 1, pp. 12-23, (1986); Rosser V.J., Faculty members' intentions to leave: A national study on their worklife and satisfaction, Research in Higher Education, 45, 3, pp. 285-309, (2004); Santos S.J., Reigadas E.T., Latinos in higher education: An evaluation of a university facutly mentoring program, Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 1, 1, pp. 40-50, (2002); Schuster J.H., Finkelstein M.J., The American Faculty: The Restructuring of Academic Work and Careers, (2006); Seymour E., Hunter A.-B., Laursen S., Deantoni T., Establishing the benefits of research experiences for undergraduates in the sciences: First findings from a three-year study, Science Education, 88, 4, pp. 493-534, (2004); Sharobeam M., Howard K., Teaching demands versus research productivity, Journal of College Science Teaching, 31, 7, pp. 436-441, (2002); Townsend B., Rosser V., Workload issues and measures of faculty productivity, Thought & Action, 23, pp. 7-19, (2007); Turner C.S.V., Women of color in academe: Living with multiple marginality, The Journal of Higher Education, 73, 1, pp. 74-93, (2002); van Dyne L., Graham J.W., Dienesch R.M., Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation, The Academy of Management Journal, 37, 4, pp. 765-802, (1994)
Article
All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access
Scopus