Rekindling a legacy: Barnard College remains a women's college
Walton A.
2007
Challenged by Coeducation: Women's Colleges Since the 1960s
0
In 1888 a determined twenty-four-year-old New Yorker, Annie Nathan Meyer, sent a thought-provoking and now famous letter to the Nation on the subject of higher education for the women of New York City. Meyer raised two important concerns: first, the growing number of women in New York City who, given the limited opportunities for advanced study nearby, faced the dilemma of either leaving home to pursue a collegiate education or foregoing their dream of higher studies; and second, the inadequacies of New York City's only provision for women's liberal arts education, Columbia University's Collegiate Course for Women.1 Established in 1883, the Collegiate Course was a product of Columbia's intractable opposition to coeducation-a measured response to a petition signed by more than 1,400 citizens (among them, clubwomen, civic reformers, prominent doctors, lawyers, financiers, and even former U.S. presidents) calling for Columbia to provide for women's education. Meyer drew particular attention to the arrangements already in place for women to study at two preeminent universities that were known for their deep attachment to the all-male traditions of higher education, Harvard and Cambridge.2. © 2006 Vanderbilt University Press. All rights reserved.
Barnard Beginnings, pp. 167-174, (1938); Walton A., The dynamics of mission and market in the coeducation debates at Columbia University in 1889 and 1983, History of Education, 31, pp. 589-610, (2002); Belkin L., First coed class enters Columbia College, New York Times, (1983); Alperstein J.F., The Influence of Boards of Trustees, Senior Administrators and Faculty on the Decision of Women's Colleges to Remain Single-sex in the 1980s, (2001); Horowitz H.L., Alma Mater: Design and Experience in the Women's Colleges from Their Nineteenth Century Beginnings to the 1930s, pp. 134-142, (1995); Walton A., Achieving a voice and institutionalizing a vision: The Barnard deanship at Columbia University, 1889-1947, Historical Studies in Education/Revue d'Histoire de l'Education, 13, pp. 113-146, (2001); Ella Weed to Silas Brownell, (1890); Meyer, Barnard Beginnings; Walton, Achieving a Voice; Dean B., Annual Report, (1946); Denburg D.U., Curriculum Change: A Case Study in Successful Innovation, (1986); Walton, Achieving a Voice; Komarovsky M., Women in the Modern World: Their Education and Their Dilemmas, (1953); Fass P., Outside In: Minorities and the Transformation of American Education, (1989); Walton A., Signs for the future: Educators consider the female student, The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, (2000); Reminiscences of Millicent McIntosh, Columbia University Oral History Research Office Collection; Rosenberg R., 'The Woman Question' at Columbia: From John Burgess to Judith Shapiro; Changing the Subject: The History of Women at Columbia, (2004); Dean B., Annual Report, (1952); Denburg, Curriculum Change; Dean B., Annual Report, (1950); A History of Barnard College, (1964); Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees; Rosenberg R., Continuing the Woman Question: John W. Burgess to Judith Shapiro; Franklin and Marshall Study, (1998); Baxter A.K., The college's leading women and their roles, Barnard Magazine, 53, (1964); Minutes of the Barnard Faculty, (1964); Sullivan P.A., Rosemary Park: A Study of Educational Leadership During the Revolutionary Decades, pp. 147-160, (1982); Dean B., Annual Report, (1962); Howells D.E., A Century to Celebrate: Radclife College, 1879-1979, (1978); Walton, Dynamics of Mission and Market; Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees; Columbia college is scored on coeds, New York Times, (1975); Robert Freedman to the Barnard-Columbia Trustees Committee, (1970); Barnard-Columbia [B-C]Trustees Committee Transcript, (1971); Minutes of the Barnard College Trustees, (1969); Conway J.K., Coeducation and women's studies: Two approaches to the question of women's place in the contemporary university, Daedalus, 103, (1974); B-C Trustees Committee Transcript, (1971); Walton, Dynamics of Mission and Market; B-C Trustees Committee Transcript, (1971); Tidball M.E., Kistiaskowsky V., Baccalaureate origins of American scientists and scholars, Science, 193, pp. 646-652, (1976); Tidball, Of men and research: The dominant themes in American higher education include neither teaching nor women, Journal of Higher Education, 47, pp. 373-389, (1976); Wolf-Wendel L., Research issues on women's colleges, A Closer Look at Women's Colleges, (1999); Tidball M.E., Taking Women Seriously: Lessons and Legacies for Educating the Majority, (1999); Barnard students demand expanded negro recruiting, New York Times, (1969); Barnard head asks patience by blacks, New York Times, (1969); Greenhouse L., Barnard: A time of self-analysis, New York Times, (1974); Gould J.S., Juggling: A Memoir of Work, Family, and Feminism, (1997); Gould J.S., Women's centers as agents of change, Educating the Majority: Women Challenge Tradition in Higher Education, pp. 219-229, (1989); Gould J.S., Personal reflections on building a women's center in a women's college, Women's Studies Quarterly, 12, (1984); Elliott E., Anniversary Celebration for the Center for Research on Women Commemorates the Center's Place in History, (2001); Gould, Personal Reflections; Fiske E.B., Columbia plans to take women in beginning in '83 Columbia College to admit women in the fall of 1983, New York Times, (1982); Walton, Dynamics of Mission and Market; Greenhouse, Barnard; Columbia University and Barnard College, pp. 26-34, (1973); Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees; Howells, A Century to Celebrate; Ulrich L.T., Yards and Gates: Gender in Harvard and Radcliffe History, (2004); Denburg, Curriculum Change; Columbia bars plan to admit women, New York Times, (1975); Columbia Is Scored on Coeds; Columbia College Is Scored on Coeds; Fiske E.B., Barnard and Columbia in merger struggle, New York Times, (1976); Fiske, Columbia asks Barnard for rise in coeducation, New York Times, (1976); Columbia Is Scored on Coeds; Alperstein, Barnard college trustees, Influence of Boards of Trustees, 1, (1976); Denburg, Curriculum Change; Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees; McCaughey R.A., Stand Columbia: A History of Columbia University in the City of New York, (2003); Fiske E.B., Acting head chosen by Barnard trustees for post of president, New York Times, (1981); Fiske, Columbia plans to take women beginning in '83, New York Times, (1982); Fiske E.B., Columbia unit delays decision on coeducation, New York Times, (1981); Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees; Walton, Dynamics of Mission and Market; Fiske, Columbia Asks Barnard for Rise; Columbia Unit Delays Decision; Maeroff G.I., The all-male college vanishing, New York Times, (1984); Walton, Dynamics of Mission and Market; Mattfeld, Without peer, Influence of Boards of Trustees, pp. 84-85; Hunter C., Panel reflects on twenty years of coeducation, Columbia Spectator, (2004); Barnard and Columbia college at a glance, New York Times, (1982); Fiske, Columbia Plans; Mandeville, Women and the Ivies, Columbia: The Magazine of Columbia University, 8, 2, pp. 12-20, (1982); Synott M., A friendly rivalry: Yale and Princeton Universities Pursue Parallel Paths to Coeducation, Going Coed: Women's Experiences in Formerly Men's Colleges and Universities: 1950-2000, pp. 111-150, (2004); Daley S., Barnard adjusts to competition with Columbia, New York Times, (1983); Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees; Barnard and Columbia College at a Glance; Belkin, First Coed Class; Dullea G., Barnard savors its independence, New York Times, (1984); Barnard Bulletin; New Recruitment Strategies Help Maintain Barnard's Acceptance Rate, (1991); Sapozhnikov S., Barnard's Number of Applications Skyrockets, (1997); Boone A., Spectator fans the flames in conficted BC-CC relationship, Columbia Spectator, (2001); Greenhouse, Barnard; Belkin, First Coed Class; Synnott, A Friendly Rivalry; Baxter A.K., On women's colleges, New York Times, (1979); Leland C., Men and Women Learning Together: A Study of College Students in the Late 70s: Report of the Brown Project, (1980); Kaufmann P.W., The Search for Equity: Women at Brown University, 1991-1981, (1991); Denburg, Curriculum Change; Alperstein, Influence of Boards of Trustees, pp. 69-70; Thomas A.D., From Vision to Action: Jill Conway at Smith College, (2004); Tatcher, Yards and Gates; Eisenmann L., Brokering old and new philanthropic traditions: Women's continuing education in the Cold War Era, Women and Philanthropy in Education, pp. 148-166, (2005); Denburg, Curriculum Change; Denberg, Curriculum Change; Denison D.C., Selling college in a Buyer's market, New York Times, (1983); Fiske E.B., Barnard shifting curriculum to give math more emphasis, New York Times, (1983); Fiske E.B., Coeducation at Columbia: A double perspective on single-sex schools, New York Times, (1982); Fiske E.B., Wave of curriculum changes sweeping American colleges, New York Times, (1985); Fiske, Changes sweeping universities' curriculums, New York Times, (1987); Fiske, Core studies gain ground at colleges, New York Times, (1989); Fiske, Core Studies Gain Ground; Dullea, Barnard Savors; Alperstein, Barnard college trustees, Influence of Boards of Trustees, 1, (1976); Fiske E.B., College Alumni are sending record donations to Alma Maters, New York Times, (1984); Penny van Amburg to Author, (2005); Maeroff G.I., College costs up, but rate slows, New York Times, (1984); (2006); Szymanski L., More applicants means higher selectivity for Barnard class of '02, Columbia Spectator, (1998); (2006); Guy-Sheftell B., Diversity and women's colleges, A Closer Look; Dullea G., More city students choose dormitory life, New York Times, (1986); Best J.H., The revolution of markets and management: Toward a history of American higher education since 1945, History of Education Quarterly, 28, pp. 177-191, (1988); Trow M., American higher education: Past, present, and future, Educational Researcher, 17, pp. 13-23, (1988); Rohter L., Nearing 100, Barnard plans 18-story dormitory tower, New York Times, (1986); Barnard Applicants: Summary of Statistics, 1994-2004, (2006); Belkin, First Coed Class; Hunter, Panel Reflects; Dullea, Barnard Savors; Belkin, First Coed Class; Dullea, Barnard Savors; Belkin, First Coed Class; The Franklin and Marshall Study, (1998); McCaughey R.A., A Statistical Portrait of the Barnard Faculty, 1900-1974, (1975); Webster C., CC Woman Misunderstood, (1986); Letter from the Editor, (2000); Bufario N., Finale to the Women's College Debate, (2000); Krevosky R., West Side (of Broadway) Pride, (2001); Thornton C., Barnard Students Not a Bunch of Columbia Rejects, (2002); Columbia Spectator; Hunter C., Has Coeducation Changed Columbia?, (2003); Jean E.S., Columbia-Barnard Relationship Benefits All, (2003); Raftery I., Why Can't Barnard Students Swipe Into Columbia Dorms?, (2004); End Residential Segregation: Current Housing Rules at Columbia and Barnard Are Too Strict, (2004); Rubel D., Gollob J., Zimmerman J., Athletics face biggest changes, Columbia Spectator, (1982); Millick M., The women athlete at Barnard: Does she exist?, Barnard Bulletin, (1997); Witherell M.M., Barnard and Columbia form athletic consortium, Barnard Bulletin, (1983); Columbia and Barnard agree on joint athletic program, Barnard Bulletin, (1983); Clyde A., Alpha Phi: Pledging diversity and sisterhood, Barnard Bulletin, (1983); Columbia gets its first sorority chapter, and 40 are initiated, New York Times, (1984); Brahms M., Trepicchio N., Lions don't hang out with bears, oh my!, Barnard Bulletin, (1997); Shapiro J., Barnard College Inaugural Address, (1994); Hunter C., Has coeducation changed Columbia?, Columbia Spectator, (2003); Shapiro, Role of Women's Colleges; Astin A.W., Four Critical Years, (1977); Stewart C., Lesbians lack on-campus support, Barnard Bulletin, (1988); Arenson K.W., Barnard students will stick with Ms., New York Times, (1998); Schlessinger L., On? Lesbian and Gay Activists and Biological Errors; Code covers transgendered, Washington Times, (2003); Raftery I., Can a man attend Barnard college, Columbia Spectator, (2003); Bernstein F.A., On campus, rethinking biology 101, New York Times, (2004); Bernstein, On Campus; Arenson K., Women studies center is 30, New York Times, (2001); Requirements for the Liberal Arts Degree; Shapiro, Inaugural Address; Rosenberg, Continuing 'The Woman Question'; McVickers N.J., Reflecting on Women, Coeducation, and Cultural Change
Vanderbilt University Press
Book chapter
Scopus